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As such, the use of factor analysis does not eliminate the need for sound theory in the scale construction process.
However, to maximize the practical utility and theoretical meaningfulness of a measure, the concepts of construct validity articulated by Cronbach and Meehl are better con- sidered at all stages of the scale construction process (Clark & Watson; Loevinger, 1957; Messick, 1995; Simms & Watson, 2007).
, item response theory) with traditional methods based on classical test theory throughout the scale construction process.
Figure 1 includes a brief flowchart depicting the scale construction process.
Scale homogeneity also should be considered in the scale construction process.
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